"Desirable Difficulties in AI-Enhanced Educational Environments: Designing Teaching, Learning and Assessment"

The issue addresses how cognitive effort that contributes to learning can be preserved and encouraged in environments where artificial intelligence provides answers, outputs, and feedback instantly. It welcomes research and critical discussion on the design of teaching, learning, and assessment in schools, teacher education, and higher education. Relevant topics include desirable difficulties, struggle and productive failure in task design, learning versus performance and transfer to new contexts, assessment design in AI-integrated environments, self-regulation, metacognition and learner autonomy, and teachers' professional judgment, equity, and inclusion.

Submission deadline: 31 December 2027. Papers should be submitted in English and will undergo peer review. Publication is open access and subject to article processing charges, as detailed on the Special Issue page: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/education/special_issues/173TXLPEH0