Title:	ONTOLOGIES FOR SMART FARMING
Author(s):	Mohd Firdaus Sulaiman, Mohammad Nazir Ahmad, Liew Kok Leong, Ummul H. Mohamad, Nik Mohd Habibullah Nik Mohd Nizam and Azrulhizam Shapii
ISBN:	978-989-8704-48-1
Editors:	Miguel Baptista Nunes, Pedro Isaías and Philip Powell
Year:	2023
Edition:	Single
Keywords:	Agriculture, Data Management, Farming Data, Ontology, Smart Farming
Type:	Full Paper
First Page:	221
Last Page:	230
Language:	English
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Full Contents:	click to dowload
Paper Abstract:	Smart Farming (SF) includes the integration of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) into farming equipment and sensors for use in crop cultivation and food production systems. In this advanced technical era, the Internet of Things (IoT) and various electronic instruments (such as robots and artificial intelligence components) with data transformation and signaling facilities are now revolutionizing the agriculture sector. Nowadays, farmers can leverage IoT to enhance their farming conditions such as in areas like irrigation and fertilization, as well as increase the efficiency by using data from harvesting information, and projecting climate forecasts to improve their decision making. One of the key challenges in this essence is to deal with the semantic heterogeneity from multiple data sources. As such, ontology is regarded as one of the normative tools that is suitable to solve the semantic interoperation problem by describing, extracting, sharing, and making the domains' knowledge explicit. In the field of smart farming, several ontologies have been developed. For example, soil-based farming methods have been further developed to represent and store the essential knowledge of aquaponics. Unfortunately, how these ontologies support the SF context is not well understood. This article reviews the recent available ontologies for smart farming. From the review, we discuss some key points from an ontology engineering point of view on the state-of-the-art ontologies for SF that should be designed and developed. Moreover, we add some key important remarks on the direction to further explore potential areas of ontologies for supporting smart farming operations.
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