Title:	A FACIAL EXPRESSION ANALYSIS COMPONENT FOR AFFECTIVE TUTORING SYSTEMS
Author(s):	Scott P. Overmyer , Hamid Gholam Hosseini , Chao Fan , Abdolhossein Sarrafzadeh
ISBN:	972-98947-1-X
Editors:	Pedro Isaías and Nitya Karmakar
Year:	2003
Edition:	2
Keywords:	Intelligent tutoring systems, affective tutoring systems, facial expressions, emotions, student modelling.
Type:	Short Paper
First Page:	1003
Last Page:	1008
Language:	English
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Paper Abstract:	Intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) provide individualised instruction. They offer many advantages over the traditional classroom scenario: they are always available, non-judgemental and provide tailored feedback resulting in increased and effective learning. However, they are still not as effective as one-on-one human tutoring. The next generation of intelligent tutors are expected to be able to take into account the cognitive and emotional state of students. This paper reports on the progress made in the development of a facial expression analysis component for intelligent tutoring systems. A digital camera is used to grab the image of the learner and signal processing techniques such as Wavelet and ANN are employed to extract facial expressions. We have developed algorithms for detecting learner’s face and locating permanent facial features such as eyebrow, eyes, and mouth. Facial expression analysis is performed based on both permanent and transient facial features in a nearly frontal-view face image sequence. This information will be added to the student’s knowledge state model. Other non-verbal interactions like heartbeat and eye and body movement will be used in the future to enhance the performance of the system. This will enable intelligent tutors to react to changes in student’s state reflected in student models. We have called this new generation of intelligent tutors, “affective tutoring systems”.
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